# Appendix 2: Input and Output description

This appendix provides an overview of the input that is required by the SPHY model, and the output that can be reported by the SPHY model. It should be noted that the current version of the SPHY model GUI (version 1.0) does not support the interaction with all the input that can be specified in the SPHY model configuration file (\*.cfg). This will be implemented in future versions of the GUI. Table 26 specifies the model input that can be specified in the current version of the SPHY model GUI. An overview of the output that can be reported by the model is shown in Table 27.

**Table 26: Overview of SPHY model input.**

<table><thead><tr><th width="185">Map or parameter name</th><th width="155">Interface tab</th><th width="158">Spatial map [SM], single value [SV], or table [TB]</th><th width="170">For maps: Boolean [BO], Nominal [NO], Scalar [SC], Directional [DI]. For single value: Integer [IN] or Float [FL]</th><th>Units</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Clone map</strong></td><td>General settings</td><td>SM</td><td>BO</td><td> <span class="math">[-]</span></td></tr><tr><td><strong>DEM map</strong></td><td>General settings</td><td>SM</td><td>SC</td><td> <span class="math">[MASL]</span></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Slope map</strong></td><td>General settings</td><td>SM</td><td>SC</td><td> <span class="math">[-]</span></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Sub-basins map</strong></td><td>General settings</td><td>SM</td><td>NO</td><td> <span class="math">[-]</span></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Stations map</strong></td><td>General settings</td><td>SM</td><td>NO</td><td> <span class="math">[-]</span></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Precipitation</strong></td><td>Climate</td><td>SM</td><td>SC</td><td> <span class="math">[mm/d]</span></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Avg. daily temperature</strong></td><td>Climate</td><td>SM</td><td>SC</td><td> <span class="math">[\degree C]</span></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Max. daily temperature</strong></td><td>Climate</td><td>SM</td><td>SC</td><td> <span class="math">[\degree C]</span></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Min. daily temperature</strong></td><td>Climate</td><td>SM</td><td>SC</td><td> <span class="math">[\degree C]</span></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Latitude zones</strong></td><td>Climate</td><td>SM</td><td>SC</td><td> <span class="math">[latitude]</span></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Solar constant</strong></td><td>Climate</td><td>SV</td><td>FL</td><td> <span class="math">[MJ/m^2/min]</span></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Field capacity</strong></td><td>Soils</td><td>SV</td><td>SC</td><td> <span class="math">[mm/mm]</span></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Saturated content</strong></td><td>Soils</td><td>SV</td><td>SC</td><td> <span class="math">[mm/mm]</span></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Permanent wilting point</strong></td><td>Soils</td><td>SV</td><td>SC</td><td> <span class="math">[mm/mm]</span></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Wilting point</strong></td><td>Soils</td><td>SV</td><td>SC</td><td> <span class="math">[mm/mm]</span></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Saturated hydraulic conductivity</strong> </td><td>Soils</td><td>SV</td><td>SC</td><td> <span class="math">[mm/d]</span></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Rootlayer thickness</strong></td><td>Soils</td><td>SM, SV</td><td>SC, IN</td><td> <span class="math">[mm]</span></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Sublayer thickness</strong></td><td>Soils</td><td>SM, SV</td><td>SC, IN</td><td> <span class="math">[mm]</span></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Maximum capillary rise</strong> </td><td>Soils</td><td>SV</td><td>IN</td><td> <span class="math">[mm]</span></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Groundwater layer thickness</strong></td><td>Groundwater</td><td>SM, SV</td><td>SC, IN</td><td> <span class="math">[mm]</span></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Saturated groundwater content</strong></td><td>Groundwater</td><td>SM, SV</td><td>SC, IN</td><td> <span class="math">[mm]</span></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Initial groundwater storage</strong></td><td>Groundwater</td><td>SM, SV</td><td>SC, IN</td><td> <span class="math">[mm]</span></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Baseflow threshold</strong></td><td>Groundwater</td><td>SM, SV</td><td>SC, IN</td><td>  <span class="math">[mm]</span></td></tr><tr><td><strong>deltaGw</strong></td><td>Groundwater</td><td>SM, SV</td><td>SC, IN</td><td> <span class="math">[d]</span></td></tr><tr><td><strong>alphaGw</strong></td><td>Groundwater</td><td>SM, SV</td><td>SC, FL</td><td> <span class="math">[-]</span></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Land use map</strong></td><td>Land use</td><td>SM</td><td>NO</td><td> <span class="math">[-]</span></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Crop coefficients lookup table</strong></td><td>Land use</td><td>TB</td><td>FL</td><td> <span class="math">[-]</span></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Initial glacier fraction</strong></td><td>Glaciers</td><td>SM</td><td>SC</td><td> <span class="math">[-]</span></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Clean ice glacier fraction</strong></td><td>Glaciers</td><td>SM</td><td>SC</td><td> <span class="math">[-]</span></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Debris covered glacier fraction</strong></td><td>Glaciers</td><td>SM</td><td>SC</td><td> <span class="math">[-]</span></td></tr><tr><td><strong>GlacF</strong></td><td>Glaciers</td><td>SM, SV</td><td>SC, FL</td><td> <span class="math">[-]</span></td></tr><tr><td><strong>DDFDG</strong></td><td>Glaciers</td><td>SM, SV</td><td>SC, FL</td><td><span class="math">[mm/\degree C /d]</span></td></tr><tr><td><strong>DDFG</strong></td><td>Glaciers</td><td>SM, SV</td><td>SC, FL</td><td> <span class="math">[mm/\degree C /d]</span></td></tr><tr><td><strong>SnowIni</strong></td><td>Snow</td><td>SM, SV</td><td>SC, IN</td><td> <span class="math">[mm]</span></td></tr><tr><td><strong>SnowWatStore</strong></td><td>Snow</td><td>SM, SV</td><td>SC, IN</td><td> <span class="math">[mm]</span></td></tr><tr><td><strong>SnowSC</strong></td><td>Snow</td><td>SM, SV</td><td>SC, FL</td><td> <span class="math">[-]</span></td></tr><tr><td><strong>DDFS</strong></td><td>Snow</td><td>SM, SV</td><td>SC, FL</td><td> <span class="math">[mm/\degree C /d]</span></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Tcrit</strong></td><td>Snow</td><td>SV</td><td>FL</td><td> <span class="math">[\degree C]</span></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Recession coefficient</strong></td><td>Routing</td><td>SM, SV</td><td>SC, FL</td><td> <span class="math">[-]</span></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Flow direction</strong></td><td>Routing</td><td>SM</td><td>DI</td><td> <span class="math">[-]</span></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Routed total runoff</strong></td><td>Routing</td><td>SM, SV</td><td>SC, FL</td><td> <span class="math">[m^3/s]</span></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Routed rainfall runoff</strong></td><td>Routing</td><td>SM, SV</td><td>SC, FL</td><td> <span class="math">[m^3/s]</span></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Routed baseflow runoff</strong></td><td>Routing</td><td>SM, SV</td><td>SC, FL</td><td> <span class="math">[m^3/s]</span></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Routed snow runoff</strong></td><td>Routing</td><td>SM, SV</td><td>SC, FL</td><td> <span class="math">[m^3/s]</span></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Routed glacier runoff</strong></td><td>Routing</td><td>SM, SV</td><td>SC, FL</td><td> <span class="math">[m^3/s]</span></td></tr></tbody></table>

**Table 27: Overview of SPHY model output (Report options tab).**

| Output variable            | Spatial map \[SM] or time-series \[TS] | Output frequency: daily \[D], monthly \[M], or annual \[A] | Units     | Option to report sub-basin average flux in mm: yes \[Y] or no \[N]. |
| -------------------------- | -------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------- | --------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| **Baseflow runoff**        | SM, TS                                 | D, M, A                                                    | $$mm$$    | N                                                                   |
| **Capillary rise**         | SM, TS                                 | D, M, A                                                    | $$mm$$    | N                                                                   |
| **ETa**                    | SM, TS                                 | D, M, A                                                    | $$mm$$    | Y                                                                   |
| **ETp**                    | SM, TS                                 | D, M, A                                                    | $$mm$$    | N                                                                   |
| **Glacier melt**           | SM, TS                                 | D, M, A                                                    | $$mm$$    | Y                                                                   |
| **Glacier percolation**    | SM, TS                                 | D, M, A                                                    | $$mm$$    | N                                                                   |
| **Glacier runoff**         | SM, TS                                 | D, M, A                                                    | $$mm$$    | N                                                                   |
| **Groundwater recharge**   | SM, TS                                 | D, M, A                                                    | $$mm$$    | N                                                                   |
| **Precipitation**          | SM, TS                                 | D, M, A                                                    | $$mm$$    | Y                                                                   |
| **Rain runoff**            | SM, TS                                 | D, M, A                                                    | $$mm$$    | N                                                                   |
| **Rainfall**               | SM, TS                                 | D, M, A                                                    | $$mm$$    | N                                                                   |
| **Rootzone  drainage**     | SM, TS                                 | D, M, A                                                    | $$mm$$    | N                                                                   |
| **Rootzone percolation**   | SM, TS                                 | D, M, A                                                    | $$mm$$    | N                                                                   |
| **Routed baseflow runoff** | SM, TS                                 | D, M, A                                                    | $$m^3/s$$ | Y                                                                   |
| **Routed glacier runoff**  | SM, TS                                 | D, M, A                                                    | $$m^3/s$$ | Y                                                                   |
| **Routed rain runoff**     | SM, TS                                 | D, M, A                                                    | $$m^3/s$$ | Y                                                                   |
| **Routed snow runoff**     | SM, TS                                 | D, M, A                                                    | $$m^3/s$$ | Y                                                                   |
| **Routed total runoff**    | SM, TS                                 | D, M, A                                                    | $$m^3/s$$ | Y                                                                   |
| **Snow**                   | SM, TS                                 | D, M, A                                                    | $$mm$$    | N                                                                   |
| **Snow melt**              | SM, TS                                 | D, M, A                                                    | $$mm$$    | N                                                                   |
| **Snow runoff**            | SM, TS                                 | D, M, A                                                    | $$mm$$    | N                                                                   |
| **Subzone percolation**    | SM, TS                                 | D, M, A                                                    | $$mm$$    | N                                                                   |
| **Surface runoff**         | SM, TS                                 | D, M, A                                                    | $$mm$$    | N                                                                   |
| **Total runoff**           | SM, TS                                 | D, M, A                                                    | $$mm$$    | N                                                                   |

The output variables in SPHY can be of two types (a) Time-series (TS) (b) Spatial maps (SM). The TS will always have the extension “.tss”. The first column represents the time-step. It always starts at 1 and ends at final step of simulation. So, if the simulation is between 01-01-2003 and 31-12-2003, then 1 represents 01-01-2003 and 365 represents 31-12-2003. The number of columns, except the first column, in a ‘tss’ file represents the number of outlet points created initially in the model. The DTS, MTS, ATS represents daily, monthly and annual timeseries depending on the user choice on aggregation (see Table 28). **R**Tot, **S**Tot, **G**Tot, **B**Tot, **Q**All represents rainfall-runoff, snowmelt runoff, glaciermelt runoff, baseflow, and Total runoff. The ‘Tot’ term represents that the components are routed, and the units are in cubic meter per second. The SM with prefixes Rain, Snow, Glac, Base, QAll are self-explanatory. The additional r after each prefix represents that flow are not routed and units are in mm. For instance, Snowr represents the non-routed snowmelt-runoff in mm. The suffix 'r’ represents its runoff but not routed. The prefix D, M, Y represents the aggregation level daily, monthly and yearly. So, if the file name is SnowrM then its monthly spatial non-routed runoff and so on. Note that the extension of the SM files follows similar concept as of TS. For instance, BTotM000.365 represents the average of routed baseflow for the month of January (the year will be start of simulation), BTotM000.365 represents the average of routed baseflow for the month of December and BTotM000.396 represents the average of routed baseflow for the month of January next year and so on. There are also some glacier related csv output files GLAC\_T.csv (glacier temperature), Prec\_GLAC (precipitation over glaciers), Rain\_GLAC.csv (rain over glaciers), Snow\_GLAC.csv (snow over glaciers), ActSnowMelt\_GLAC.csv (actual snowmelt from glaciers), TotalSnowStore\_GLAC.csv (total snow storage over glaciers), GlacR.csv (glacier runoff) and so on. Note the first column represents the timestep and other columns represent individual glaciers in the study region. There are many outputs that can be generated from SPHY, so users are suggested to read the configuration file and the relevant script as the description of the variable is included as comments.

**Table 28: Description of the most common output files.**

| Output file      | Spatial map \[SM] or time-series  \[TS] | Units     | Description                                                                                                                                                             |
| ---------------- | --------------------------------------- | --------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| **RTotDTS.tss**  | TS                                      | $$m^3/s$$ | This is daily rainfall-runoff time series data at each station                                                                                                          |
| **STotDTS.tss**  | TS                                      | $$m^3/s$$ | This is daily snowmelt runoff time series data at each station                                                                                                          |
| **GTotDTS.tss**  | TS                                      | $$m^3/s$$ | This is daily glaciermelt runoff time series data at each station                                                                                                       |
| **BTotDTS.tss**  | TS                                      | $$m^3/s$$ | This is daily baseflow time series data at each station                                                                                                                 |
| **QAllDTS.tss**  | TS                                      | $$m^3/s$$ | This is daily total runoff time series data at each station                                                                                                             |
| **RainrM00.031** | SM                                      | $$mm$$    | This is non-routed spatial rainfall-runoff for the month of January. M represents the monthly timestep. The 031 represents the last timestep of a particular month.     |
| **SnowrM00.031** | SM                                      | $$mm$$    | This is non-routed spatial snowmelt runoff for the month of January. M represents the monthly timestep. The 031 represents the last timestep of a particular month.     |
| **GlacrM00.031** | SM                                      | $$mm$$    | This is non-routed spatial glacier melt runoff for the month of January. M represents the monthly timestep. The 031 represents the last timestep of a particular month. |
| **BaserM00.031** | SM                                      | $$mm$$    | This is non-routed spatial baseflow for the month of January. M represents the monthly timestep. The 031 represents the last timestep of a particular month.            |
| **TotrM000.031** | SM                                      | $$mm$$    | This is non-routed spatial total runoff for the month of January. M represents the monthly timestep. The 031 represents the last timestep of a particular month.        |
| **RTotM000.031** | SM                                      | $$m^3/s$$ | This is routed spatial rainfall-runoff for the month of January. M represents the monthly timestep. The 031 represents the last timestep of a particular month.         |
| **STotM000.031** | SM                                      | $$m^3/s$$ | This is routed spatial snowmelt runoff for the month of January. M represents the monthly timestep. The 031 represents the last timestep of a particular month.         |
| **GTotM000.031** | SM                                      | $$m^3/s$$ | This is routed spatial glaciermelt runoff for the month of January. M represents the monthly timestep. The 031 represents the last timestep of a particular month.      |
| **BTotM000.031** | SM                                      | $$m^3/s$$ | This is routed spatial baseflow for the month of January. M represents the monthly timestep. The 031 represents the last timestep of a particular month.                |
| **QAllM000.031** | SM                                      | $$m^3/s$$ | This is routed spatial total runoff for the month of January. M represents the monthly timestep. The 031 represents the last timestep of a particular month.            |
