SDC Sphy Manual
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    • SPHY Manual
      • 1. Introduction
      • 2. Theory
        • 2.1 Background
        • Modules
        • Reference and potential evaporation
        • Dynamic vegetation processes
        • Snow processes
        • Glacier processes
        • Soil water processes
        • Soil erosion processes
        • Routing
      • 3. Applications
        • Irrigation management in lowland areas
        • Snow- and glacier-fed river basins
        • Flow forecasting
      • 4. Installation of SPHY
      • 5. SPHY model GUI
        • 5.1 Map canvas layers and GUI interactions
        • 5.2 Top menu buttons
        • 5.3 General settings
        • 5.4 Climate
        • 5.5 Soils
        • 5.6 Groundwater
        • 5.7 Land use
        • 5.8 Glaciers
        • 5.9 Snow
        • 5.10 Routing
        • 5.11 Report options
        • 5.12 Running the model
        • 5.13 Visualizing model output
      • 6. SPHY model preprocessor v1.0
        • 6.1 Overview
        • 6.2 General settings
        • 6.3 Area selection
        • 6.4 Modules
        • 6.5 Basin delineation
        • 6.6 Stations
        • 5.7 Meteorological forcing
      • 7. Build your own SPHY-model
        • Select projection extent and resolution
        • Clone map
        • DEM and Slope
        • Delineate catchment and create local drain direction map
        • Preparing stations map and sub-basins map
        • Glacier fraction map
        • Soil hydraulic properties
        • Other static input maps
        • Meteorological forcing map series
        • Open water evaporation
        • Soil erosion model input
        • Sediment transport
        • Reporting
      • Appendix 1: Input and Output
      • Appendix 2: Hindu Kush-Himalaya database
      • References
      • Copyright
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5.4 Climate

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Last updated 1 year ago

5.4.1 Meteorological forcing map-series

Figure 32 provides an overview of the Climate tab. In this tab the user has to specify the model forcing input map-series, containing precipitation, and the average, maximum and minimum daily temperature.

A map-series in SPHY consists of a spatial map for each time-step in the model. This means that if your model has 365 daily time-steps, then you also need 365 maps of climate forcing for each of the four forcing variables.

A map-series in PCRaster always starts with the *.001 extension, corresponding with the start date of your model simulation period. The format of each individual forcing file should have eight characters before the dot, and 3 characters after the dot. If your model has for example 3542 time-steps, then your first precipitation forcing file could look like:

prec0000.001

and your last precipitation forcing file:

prec0003.542

After clicking the Select map-series (*.001) button for each of the four climate variables, the user will be asked to select the first map of the meteorological forcing map-series. An example of this is shown in Figure 33. It can be seen that the meteorological forcing is inside another folder (“forcing”) within the Input folder. This can be done without any issues as long as the folder is created inside the Input folder, meaning that the Input folder will always be the parent folder of all model input data. Figure 32 shows that the “forcing” folder will just be added before the variable name.

5.4.2 Meteorological parameters

The second part of the Climate tab involves setting the parameters for calculating the terrestrial radiation, which is eventually used in the Hargreaves method to calculate the reference evapotranspiration. To calculate the terrestrial radiation the user needs to select a map with latitude zones. This map can be select by clicking the Select map button. After selecting the latitude zones map, this map will be added as a layer to the map canvas.

Additionally, the user needs to provide a single floating number for the solar constant. The default value of 0.0820 MJ m-2 min-1 is generally applicable for most areas world-wide, but may be changed if needed.

After completion of the Climate tab, the user can continue with the Soils tab.

Figure 32: Overview of the Climate tab.
Figure 33: Selecting the precipitation map-series.