Appendix 2: Input and Output description

This appendix provides an overview of the input that is required by the SPHY model, and the output that can be reported by the SPHY model. It should be noted that the current version of the SPHY model GUI (version 1.0) does not support the interaction with all the input that can be specified in the SPHY model configuration file (*.cfg). This will be implemented in future versions of the GUI. Table 26 specifies the model input that can be specified in the current version of the SPHY model GUI. An overview of the output that can be reported by the model is shown in Table 27.

Table 26: Overview of SPHY model input.

Map or parameter name	Interface tab	Spatial map [SM], single value [SV], or table [TB]	For maps: Boolean [BO], Nominal [NO], Scalar [SC], Directional [DI]. For single value: Integer [IN] or Float [FL]	Units
Clone map	General settings	SM	BO	$[-]$
DEM map	General settings	SM	SC	$[MASL]$
Slope map	General settings	SM	SC	$[-]$
Sub-basins map	General settings	SM	NO	$[-]$
Stations map	General settings	SM	NO	$[-]$
Precipitation	Climate	SM	SC	$[mm/d]$
Avg. daily temperature	Climate	SM	SC	$[\degree C]$
Max. daily temperature	Climate	SM	SC	$[\degree C]$
Min. daily temperature	Climate	SM	SC	$[\degree C]$
Latitude zones	Climate	SM	SC	$[latitude]$
Solar constant	Climate	SV	FL	$[MJ/m^2/min]$
Field capacity	Soils	SV	SC	$[mm/mm]$
Saturated content	Soils	SV	SC	$[mm/mm]$
Permanent wilting point	Soils	SV	SC	$[mm/mm]$
Wilting point	Soils	SV	SC	$[mm/mm]$
Saturated hydraulic conductivity	Soils	SV	SC	$[mm/d]$
Rootlayer thickness	Soils	SM, SV	SC, IN	$[mm]$
Sublayer thickness	Soils	SM, SV	SC, IN	$[mm]$
Maximum capillary rise	Soils	SV	IN	$[mm]$
Groundwater layer thickness	Groundwater	SM, SV	SC, IN	$[mm]$
Saturated groundwater content	Groundwater	SM, SV	SC, IN	$[mm]$
Initial groundwater storage	Groundwater	SM, SV	SC, IN	$[mm]$
Baseflow threshold	Groundwater	SM, SV	SC, IN	$[mm]$
deltaGw	Groundwater	SM, SV	SC, IN	$[d]$
alphaGw	Groundwater	SM, SV	SC, FL	$[-]$
Land use map	Land use	SM	NO	$[-]$
Crop coefficients lookup table	Land use	TB	FL	$[-]$
Initial glacier fraction	Glaciers	SM	SC	$[-]$
Clean ice glacier fraction	Glaciers	SM	SC	$[-]$
Debris covered glacier fraction	Glaciers	SM	SC	$[-]$
GlacF	Glaciers	SM, SV	SC, FL	$[-]$
DDFDG	Glaciers	SM, SV	SC, FL	$[mm/\degree C /d]$
DDFG	Glaciers	SM, SV	SC, FL	$[mm/\degree C /d]$
SnowIni	Snow	SM, SV	SC, IN	$[mm]$
SnowWatStore	Snow	SM, SV	SC, IN	$[mm]$
SnowSC	Snow	SM, SV	SC, FL	$[-]$
DDFS	Snow	SM, SV	SC, FL	$[mm/\degree C /d]$
Tcrit	Snow	SV	FL	$[\degree C]$
Recession coefficient	Routing	SM, SV	SC, FL	$[-]$
Flow direction	Routing	SM	DI	$[-]$
Routed total runoff	Routing	SM, SV	SC, FL	$[m^3/s]$
Routed rainfall runoff	Routing	SM, SV	SC, FL	$[m^3/s]$
Routed baseflow runoff	Routing	SM, SV	SC, FL	$[m^3/s]$
Routed snow runoff	Routing	SM, SV	SC, FL	$[m^3/s]$
Routed glacier runoff	Routing	SM, SV	SC, FL	$[m^3/s]$

Table 27: Overview of SPHY model output (Report options tab).

Output variable	Spatial map [SM] or time-series [TS]	Output frequency: daily [D], monthly [M], or annual [A]	Units	Option to report sub-basin average flux in mm: yes [Y] or no [N].
Baseflow runoff	SM, TS	D, M, A	$mm$	N
Capillary rise	SM, TS	D, M, A	$mm$	N
ETa	SM, TS	D, M, A	$mm$	Y
ETp	SM, TS	D, M, A	$mm$	N
Glacier melt	SM, TS	D, M, A	$mm$	Y
Glacier percolation	SM, TS	D, M, A	$mm$	N
Glacier runoff	SM, TS	D, M, A	$mm$	N
Groundwater recharge	SM, TS	D, M, A	$mm$	N
Precipitation	SM, TS	D, M, A	$mm$	Y
Rain runoff	SM, TS	D, M, A	$mm$	N
Rainfall	SM, TS	D, M, A	$mm$	N
Rootzone drainage	SM, TS	D, M, A	$mm$	N
Rootzone percolation	SM, TS	D, M, A	$mm$	N
Routed baseflow runoff	SM, TS	D, M, A	$m^3/s$	Y
Routed glacier runoff	SM, TS	D, M, A	$m^3/s$	Y
Routed rain runoff	SM, TS	D, M, A	$m^3/s$	Y
Routed snow runoff	SM, TS	D, M, A	$m^3/s$	Y
Routed total runoff	SM, TS	D, M, A	$m^3/s$	Y
Snow	SM, TS	D, M, A	$mm$	N
Snow melt	SM, TS	D, M, A	$mm$	N
Snow runoff	SM, TS	D, M, A	$mm$	N
Subzone percolation	SM, TS	D, M, A	$mm$	N
Surface runoff	SM, TS	D, M, A	$mm$	N
Total runoff	SM, TS	D, M, A	$mm$	N

The output variables in SPHY can be of two types (a) Time-series (TS) (b) Spatial maps (SM). The TS will always have the extension “.tss”. The first column represents the time-step. It always starts at 1 and ends at final step of simulation. So, if the simulation is between 01-01-2003 and 31-12-2003, then 1 represents 01-01-2003 and 365 represents 31-12-2003. The number of columns, except the first column, in a ‘tss’ file represents the number of outlet points created initially in the model. The DTS, MTS, ATS represents daily, monthly and annual timeseries depending on the user choice on aggregation (see Table 28). RTot, STot, GTot, BTot, QAll represents rainfall-runoff, snowmelt runoff, glaciermelt runoff, baseflow, and Total runoff. The ‘Tot’ term represents that the components are routed, and the units are in cubic meter per second. The SM with prefixes Rain, Snow, Glac, Base, QAll are self-explanatory. The additional r after each prefix represents that flow are not routed and units are in mm. For instance, Snowr represents the non-routed snowmelt-runoff in mm. The suffix 'r’ represents its runoff but not routed. The prefix D, M, Y represents the aggregation level daily, monthly and yearly. So, if the file name is SnowrM then its monthly spatial non-routed runoff and so on. Note that the extension of the SM files follows similar concept as of TS. For instance, BTotM000.365 represents the average of routed baseflow for the month of January (the year will be start of simulation), BTotM000.365 represents the average of routed baseflow for the month of December and BTotM000.396 represents the average of routed baseflow for the month of January next year and so on. There are also some glacier related csv output files GLAC_T.csv (glacier temperature), Prec_GLAC (precipitation over glaciers), Rain_GLAC.csv (rain over glaciers), Snow_GLAC.csv (snow over glaciers), ActSnowMelt_GLAC.csv (actual snowmelt from glaciers), TotalSnowStore_GLAC.csv (total snow storage over glaciers), GlacR.csv (glacier runoff) and so on. Note the first column represents the timestep and other columns represent individual glaciers in the study region. There are many outputs that can be generated from SPHY, so users are suggested to read the configuration file and the relevant script as the description of the variable is included as comments.

Table 28: Description of the most common output files.

Output file	Spatial map [SM] or time-series [TS]	Units	Description
RTotDTS.tss	TS	$m^3/s$	This is daily rainfall-runoff time series data at each station
STotDTS.tss	TS	$m^3/s$	This is daily snowmelt runoff time series data at each station
GTotDTS.tss	TS	$m^3/s$	This is daily glaciermelt runoff time series data at each station
BTotDTS.tss	TS	$m^3/s$	This is daily baseflow time series data at each station
QAllDTS.tss	TS	$m^3/s$	This is daily total runoff time series data at each station
RainrM00.031	SM	$mm$	This is non-routed spatial rainfall-runoff for the month of January. M represents the monthly timestep. The 031 represents the last timestep of a particular month.
SnowrM00.031	SM	$mm$	This is non-routed spatial snowmelt runoff for the month of January. M represents the monthly timestep. The 031 represents the last timestep of a particular month.
GlacrM00.031	SM	$mm$	This is non-routed spatial glacier melt runoff for the month of January. M represents the monthly timestep. The 031 represents the last timestep of a particular month.
BaserM00.031	SM	$mm$	This is non-routed spatial baseflow for the month of January. M represents the monthly timestep. The 031 represents the last timestep of a particular month.
TotrM000.031	SM	$mm$	This is non-routed spatial total runoff for the month of January. M represents the monthly timestep. The 031 represents the last timestep of a particular month.
RTotM000.031	SM	$m^3/s$	This is routed spatial rainfall-runoff for the month of January. M represents the monthly timestep. The 031 represents the last timestep of a particular month.
STotM000.031	SM	$m^3/s$	This is routed spatial snowmelt runoff for the month of January. M represents the monthly timestep. The 031 represents the last timestep of a particular month.
GTotM000.031	SM	$m^3/s$	This is routed spatial glaciermelt runoff for the month of January. M represents the monthly timestep. The 031 represents the last timestep of a particular month.
BTotM000.031	SM	$m^3/s$	This is routed spatial baseflow for the month of January. M represents the monthly timestep. The 031 represents the last timestep of a particular month.
QAllM000.031	SM	$m^3/s$	This is routed spatial total runoff for the month of January. M represents the monthly timestep. The 031 represents the last timestep of a particular month.